P Miller, Pérez V
La prevalencia mundial de sobrepeso y obesidad ha aumentado notablemente. Debido a que el sobrepeso y la obesidad son causas importantes de comorbilidades, incluidas las enfermedades cardiovasculares, la hipertensión, la diabetes tipo 2, entre otras. El reemplazo de azúcares con edulcorantes no calóricos (ENC) es una de las estrategias que puede ayudar a reducir la ingesta de energía, facilitar la pérdida el mantenimiento o el aumento de peso. El metaanálisis actual proporciona una evaluación rigurosa de la evidencia científica sobre ENC, el peso corporal y la composición.
Los resultados del metaanálisis de 15 ECA (ensayos clínicos aleatorizados) indican:
“Background: Replacement of caloric sweeteners with lower- or no-calorie alternatives may facilitate weight loss or weight maintenance by helping to reduce energy intake; however, past research examining low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs) and body weight has produced mixed results.
Objective: The objective was to systematically review and quantitatively evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies, separately, that examined the relation between LCSs and body weight and composition.
Design: A systematic literature search identified 15 RCTs and 9 prospective cohort studies that examined LCSs from foods or beverages or LCSs consumed as tabletop sweeteners. Meta-analyses generated weighted mean differences in body weight and composition values between the LCS and control groups among RCTs and weighted mean correlations for LCS intake and these parameters among prospective cohort studies.
Results: In RCTs, LCSs modestly but significantly reduced all outcomes examined, including body weight (−0.80 kg; 95% CI: −1.17, −0.43), body mass index [BMI (in kg/m2): −0.24; 95% CI: −0.41, −0.07], fat mass (−1.10 kg; 95% CI: −1.77, −0.44), and waist circumference (−0.83 cm; 95% CI: −1.29, −0.37). Among prospective cohort studies, LCS intake was not associated with body weight or fat mass, but was significantly associated with slightly higher BMI (0.03; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.06).
Conclusions: The current meta-analysis provides a rigorous evaluation of the scientific evidence on LCSs and body weight and composition. Findings from observational studies showed no association between LCS intake and body weight or fat mass and a small positive association with BMI; however, data from RCTs, which provide the highest quality of evidence for examining the potentially causal effects of LCS intake, indicate that substituting LCS options for their regular-calorie versions results in a modest weight loss and may be a useful dietary tool to improve compliance with weight loss or weight maintenance plans”.
Para revisar el artículo completo accede a:
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/100/3/765/4576435
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